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TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 10551

plants possess a second type of immunity mediated by a set of highly specific intracellular receptors known as nucleotide binding site–leucine rich repeat (NBS–LRR) receptors. How NBS–LRRs become activated,

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology
  1. by binding with plant proteins such as guardees or decoys
  2. by binding directly to a pathogen effector with guardees or decoys
  3. by binding as long as it is bound to its guardees
  4. by binding effector molecules with LRR domain
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TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 15465

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

50 g benzaldehyde vapour is condensed at 179°C. What is the enthalpy of the liquid relative to the vapour?  (Standard latent heat for vaporisation for benzaldehyde is 38.40 kJ gmol-1)
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 15466

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Water at 25°C enters an open heating tank at a rate of 10 kg h-1. Liquid water leaves the tank at 88°C at a rate of 9 kg h-1; 1 kg h-1 water vapour is lost from the system through evaporation. At steady state, what is the rate of heat input to the system?
h (liquid water at 25°C = 104.8 kJ kg-1) 
h (liquid water at 88°C = 368.5 kJ kg-1) 
h (saturated steam at 88°C = 2656.9 kJ kg-1)
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 15467

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Fumaric acid is produced from Malic acid using Fumarase. Calculate standard heat of reaction for the following transformation:
C4H6O5 → C4H4O4 + H2O
Given: (Δhc°)malic acid= -1328.8 kJ/gmol 
   (Δhc°)Fumaric acid= -1334.0 kJ/gmol
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 15468

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

In downstream processing of gluconic acid, concentrated fermentation broth containing 20% (w/w) gluconic acid is cooled in a heat exchanger prior to crystallisation. 2000 kg h-1 liquid leaving an evaporator at 90°C must be cooled to 6°C. Cooling is achieved by heat exchange with 2700 kg h-1 water initially at 2°C. The final temperature of the cooling water is 50°C. 
Assume (heat capacity of gluconic acid is 0.35 cal g-1 °C-1).
h (liquid water at 90°C = 376.9 kJ kg-1)
h (liquid water at 6°C = 25.2 kJ kg-1)
h (liquid water at 2°C = 8.4 kJ kg-1 )
h (liquid water at 50°C = 209.3 kJ kg-1)
h (gluconic acid at 90°C=0)
How much heat is removed to the cooling water?
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 15469

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

What is the rate of heat loss from the gluconic acid solution to the surroundings? 
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 15470

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

In the stoichiometric equation given below identify which one of the following corresponds to oxygen balance:
CwHxOyNz + aO2 + bHgOhNi cCHαOβNδ + dCO2 + eH2O