R0<1, The population eventually declines to extinction 

R0=1, The population size remains constant

R0>1, The population increases

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7998

#XL - T Zoology

The fundamental niche of a species is the range of abiotic conditions under which species can persist. 

This includes the range of temperature, humidity, and salinity conditions that allow a population to survive, grow, and reproduce.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10729

#XL - R Botany

Modification of leaves

Leaves are often modified to perform functions other than photosynthesis.

Succulent leaves are also thickened leaves, but they are found above ground, still conduct photosynthesis, and function primarily in water storage

Spines are sharp projections derived from leaves that function in plant defense. Almost all cacti (in the plant family Cactaceae)  barberry and some Acacia species have spines 

Spines can also be formed from stipules (stipular spines) or bud scales.

Tendrils are another structure that can originate from multiple structures, including stems, leaves, or leaflets. 

leaves of glory lily are modified as tendrils

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9284

#XL - R Botany

O2‐binding plant protein Lb plays an active role in regulating and delivering O2 in the infected cells

Bacterial respiration is the major O2 sink

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9152

#XL - T Zoology

Inbreeding

Preferential mating between related individuals.

Inbreeding is more likely to take place in nature when population size becomes very small, and the number of mates is limited.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8903

#XL - T Zoology

Chromosome compaction involving progressive chromosome looping:

During prophase, condensin II binds DNA and extrudes large loops

In prometaphase, condensin I forms additional loops nested within the loops formed by condensin II