Rough ER, which is associated with ribosomes, functions in the synthesis and processing of secreted and membrane proteins

Smooth ER, which lacks ribosomes, functions in lipid synthesis.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9737

#XL - R Botany

Sinigrin, a major glucosinolate of black mustard seeds and horseradish roots.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9738

#XL - R Botany

Members of the Poaceae family use benzoxazinoids an alkaloids derived from tryptophan as constitutively produced defensive secondary metabolites. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9739

#XL - R Botany

Benzoxazinoids, especially 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA) and its derivative 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin- 3-one (DIMBOA), are usually stored in the vacuole as glycosides coupled to d-glucose.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9740

#XL - R Botany

Cyanogenic glycosides represent a particularly toxic class of N-containing secondary metabolites. 

Upon tissue damage, these glycosides break down and release hydrogen cyanide (HCN). 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9741

#XL - R Botany

Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondria, which blocks the electron transport chain.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9742

#XL - R Botany

Amygdalin (the common cyanogenic glycoside found in the seeds of almonds, apricots, cherries, and peaches). 

Dhurrin from sorghum 

Linamarin and lotaustralin from cassava.