Blue light depolarizes membrane of hypocotyl cells and inhibits of growth rate.

This membrane depolarization is caused by the activation of anion channels, which facilitates the efflux of anions such as chloride.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9438

#XL - T Zoology

Polygynous

In polygyny, one male mates with more than one female in a single breeding season, but females mate only with one male.

In species with male-male competition, males are often substantially larger than females, a phenomenon called sexual dimorphism.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9439

#XL - T Zoology

Condition favor polygyny

Resource-based polygyny - Choosing dominant males, a female may be gaining access to good resources.

Harem mating structures - Sometimes males defend a group of females without commanding a resource - based territory. 

Ex- horses and zebras, some deer, lions, and seals.

Communal courting - In some instances, particularly in birds and mammals, males display in designated communal courting areas called leks.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9440

#XL - T Zoology

Polyandrous

In polyandrous mating systems, one female mates with many males.

Honeybees are polyandrous because the queen often mates with multiple males.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9441

#XL - T Zoology

Promiscuous

In promiscuous mating systems, each male or female may mate with multiple partners.

Chimpanzees, bonobos and Intertidal and terrestrial mollusks

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9442

#XL - T Zoology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9443

#XL - T Zoology

Parental care

Caring of young one– Prevent from predator and stress full condition, providing. Parental care is fixed action pattern.

Parental care and clutch size is inversionally proportional.