Blue light depolarizes membrane of hypocotyl cells and inhibits of growth rate.

This membrane depolarization is caused by the activation of anion channels, which facilitates the efflux of anions such as chloride.

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The venoms of poisonous snakes contain (among other things) a class of enzymes known as phospholipases, enzymes that cause the breakdown of phospholipids

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Phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, and phosphatidylinositols all are anionic phospholipids

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Diphosphatidylglycerol or Cardiolipin are synthesized within the mitochondria

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In cardiolipin, two phosphatidic acids share a single glycerol (R1 and R2 are fatty acyl groups).

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Sphingolipids contain a single fatty acid, in amide linkage to the sphingosine backbone.

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