Type II phytochromes, these phytochromes are also present in etiolated plants. The reason is that the expression of their mRNAs is not significantly changed by light, and the encoded phyB through phyE proteins are more stable in the Pfr form than is PfrA.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8517

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Other proteins function with dynein & involved in regulating the activity of dynein during brain development:

LIS1 and NudE

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8518

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Defects in LIS1 

Miller-Dieker lissencephaly

means “smooth brain”

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8519

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8520

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Post-translational modifications of tubulin:

Lysine acetylation

Detyrosylation

Polyglutamylation

Polyglycylation

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8521

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Lysine acetylation & Detyrosylation are found only on α-tubulin and are absent from β-tubulin.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8522

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Lysine acetylation 

ε-amino group of a specific lysine of α-tubulin

Microtubules are stabilized against breakage (centrioles, basal bodies, & primary cilia)