The 12-bp promoter sequence need not be contiguous. 

If a specific number of base pairs separates two constant shorter sequences, their combined length could be less than 12 bp, because the distance of separation itself provides a part of the signal (usually 16-17 bp)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4601

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

If cells that have incorporated a high level of BrdU are exposed to light, they will photolyse; this has been used to selectively kill newly dividing cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4602

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Propidium iodide is a fluorescent dye with a flat, planar structure that slides between the rungs of (or intercalates into) the DNA ladder in a quantitative manner frequently used in FACS.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4603

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Propidium iodide-labeled cells can be identify cells within the populations are at each stage of the cell cycle

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4604

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

 Propidium iodide-labeled cells in order as
1. Apoptotic cells
2. G1/G0
3. S
4. G2/M 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4605

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Other dyes that bind to DNA and allow for similar types of cell cycle analysis include DAPI, Hoechst 33342, and 7-aminoactinomycin D (AAD).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4606

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) is more correctly named carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDASE) very commonly used to detect state of cell