The 12-bp promoter sequence need not be contiguous. 

If a specific number of base pairs separates two constant shorter sequences, their combined length could be less than 12 bp, because the distance of separation itself provides a part of the signal (usually 16-17 bp)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8929

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Chk1, Chk2, and MK2

cause cell cycle arrest by inhibiting Cdc25

stabilizing the transcription factor p53, which induces the transcription of CKI p21 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 803

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

There are two factors that regulate Prokaryotic Transcription

1. RNA Polymerase

2. Promoter Location & Sequences

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7219

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

T-Cell Development

Commitment of hematopoietic precursors to the T cell lineage

The initiation of antigen receptor gene rearrangements

The selection and expansion of cells that have successfully rearranged one of their T-cell receptor genes (-selection). 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6584

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9626

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Following binding of an EGF ligand, the rate of endocytosis of HER1 is increased about tenfold, and only a fraction of the internalized receptors return to the plasma membrane; the rest are degraded in lysosomes.