If the α helix lies parallel to the direction of the major groove, the straight α helix can contact 4–6 bp before the bases curve out of the plane of the amino acids in the α helix.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5028

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The replication cycle can be defined in terms of two constants: C and D

C is the fixed time of 40 minutes required to replicate the entire E.coli chromosome. Its duration corresponds to a rate of replication fork movement of 50,000 bp/minute.

D is the fixed time of 20 minutes that elapses between the completion of a round of replication and the cell division with which it is connected. This period may represent the time required to assemblethe components needed for division.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5029

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

A cycle of chromosome replication must be initiated at a fixed time of C + D =60 minutes before cell division.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5030

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5031

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The gene ftsZ plays a central role in division.

Mutations in ftsZ block septum formation and generate filaments.

Overexpression induces minicells by causing an increased number of septation events per unit cell mass.

FtsZ (the protein) recruits a battery of cell division proteins that are responsible for synthesis of the new septum.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5032

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

FtsZ functions at an early stage of septum formation.

Early in the division cycle, FtsZ is localized throughout the cytoplasm, but prior to cell division FtsZ becomes localized in a ring around the circumference at the mid-cell position.

The structure is called the Z-ring.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5033

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The structure of FtsZ resembles tubulin

FtsZ has GTPase activity, and GTP cleavage is used to support the oligomerization of FtsZ monomers into the ring structure.