Phytoplasmas are mainly spread by insects in the families Cicadellidae (leaf hoppers), Fulgoroidae (plant hoppers), and Psyllidae.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3674

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Many prokaryotic ORFs contain a short sequence upstream (on the 5’side) of the start codon called the ribosome binding site (RBS). This element is also referred to as a Shine –Dalgarno sequence.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3675

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The RBS, typically located 3–9 bp on the 5’side of the start codon, is complementary to a sequence located near the 3’end of one of the ribosomal RNA components, the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3676

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The 16S rRNA interacts with the RBS to position the AUG in the P-site.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3677

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Some prokaryotic ORFs lack a strong RBS but are nonetheless actively translated Using the phenomenon of translational coupling.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3678

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The initiation of prokaryotic translation commences with the small subunit and is catalyzed by three translation initiation factors called IF1, IF2, and IF3.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3679

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

IF1 prevents tRNAs from binding to the portion of the small subunit that will become part of the A-site.