Gluconeogenesis occurs in all animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. The reactions are essentially the same in all tissues and all species.

The important precursors of glucose in animals are three-carbon compounds such as lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol, as well as certain amino acids

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9704

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Activation of the MAP kinase pathway by either the a or the α GPCRs induces transcription of genes that inhibit progression of the cell cycle

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9511

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Coronatine is a toxin effector produced by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae to mimic the plant hormone jasmonic acid‐isoleucine and this assists bacterial infection.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4889

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Regression analysis refers to assessing the relationship between the outcome variable and one or more variables.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8935

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9389

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Male stickleback fish develop red colour on their ventral side in the breeding season and maintain territories. 

When a conspecific male intruder enters their territory, resident males perform an aggressive display. 

The ethologist Niko Tinbergen presented models of different shapes to territorial male stickleback fish. He found that models of any shape elicited aggressive displays, provided the ventral part of the models was coloured red.