Duplicate gene and its parental copy can subfunctionalize so that each carries out only some of the roles that the ancestral gene performed. 

Ex- a duplicate of the β-hemoglobin locus is expressed in the fetus. 

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The binding of integrins to their ligands depends on extracellular divalent cations(Ca+2 & Mg+2)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10083

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The α subunit of each integrin is the primary determinant of its extracellular ligand specificity

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10084

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Several integrin α subunits contain, I-domain, which can mediate binding of integrins to various collagens in the ECM.

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#Id: 10085

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

I-domains also recognize CAMs on other cells, 

ICAMs, VCAMs and participate in cell-cell adhesion.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The non-I-domain α subunits recognize RGD motif.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 contain RGD motif that binds to integrins.