Nitrate transport is an example that is of interest not only because of its nutritional importance, nitrate is negatively charged, and such an electric charge imposes an energy requirement for the transport, Mutants in nitrate transport or nitrate reduction can be selected by growth in the presence of chlorate, Chlorate is;

#Question id: 1228

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Place the events that follow the binding of a ligand to a G protein-coupled receptor that acts on adenylyl cyclase in the correct order:

a. GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP.           

b. GDP is displaced from Gα.           

c. the Gα-GTP complex dissociates from the Gβγcomplex.  

d. GTP is bound to Gα. 

#Question id: 1229

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following events occur(s) during light activation of the rhodopsin receptor?

a. 11-cis-retinal is converted to all-trans-retinal

b. activation of the trimeric G protein, transducin

c. activation of cGMP phosphodiesterase

d. opening of the cGMP-gated ion channel

#Question id: 1230

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following events occur(s) following the binding of a ligand to a G protein–coupled receptor that triggers release of Ca2+?

a. activation of protein kinase A by IP3

b. phospholipase cleavage of PIP2 to IP3 and DAG

c. release of DAG into the cytosol

d. IP3-mediated opening of Ca2+ channels in the ER membrane

#Question id: 1231

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Arrange the following events in the proper order in which they occur during transduction of the TGFβ signal:

a. association of Smad3 and Smad4  

b. phosphorylation of TGFβ receptor I by TGFβ receptor II            

c. phosphorylation of Smad3 by TGFβ receptor I     

d. nuclear import of Smad3   

e. binding of TGFβ to TGFβ receptor II  

#Question id: 1232

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following mutations might confer a competitive advantage to an athlete by raising his or her hematocrit?

a. excess production of erythropoietin                       

b. decreased production of erythropoietin

c. EpoR that cannot bind STAT5                  

d. EpoR that cannot bind SHP1

e. EpoR that cannot bind JAK2

#Question id: 1233

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Transphosphorylation (cross-phosphorylation) of receptor tyrosine kinases

a. inhibits catalytic activity.

b. promotes transphosphorylation of additional tyrosine residues.

c. triggers release of the ligand.

d. generates binding sites for signaling molecules.