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TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 2897

The transcription of most protein coding genes in mammals (~70 percent) occurs at a lower rate than at TATA box–containing and initiator-containing promoters and begins at any of several alternative start sites within regions of about 100–1000 bp that have an unusually high frequency of CG sequences. Which one of the following best explains it?

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

  1. CG-rich sequences are bound by histone octamers more tightly than CG-poor sequences because less energy is required to bend around the histone octamer forming a nucleosome.

  2. During housekeeping gene expression, the enzyme methyltransferase is temporarily silenced by miRNA, thus shutting down global methylation.

  3. As soon as the cytosine is methylated in the promoter region, the enzymes of DNA repair pathways remove the methyl group, thereby ensuring gene expression.

  4. A remarkable feature of the CpG islands is that transcription from these elements is initiated in both directions, even though only transcription of the sense strand yields an mRNA.

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TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7272

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Few statements regarding the role of disheveled (dsh) and beta-catenin in the development of sea urchin.

A. beta-catenin accumulates predominantly in the macromeres and somewhat in veg2 tier cells.

B. At the fourth cleavage disheveled and β-catenin, both of which are found in the cytoplasm and are inherited by the micromeres.

C. Treating sea urchin embryos with lithium chloride allows β-catenin to accumulate in every cell and transforms presumptive ectoderm into endoderm.

D. When β-catenin is prevented from entering the nuclei (i.e., it remains in the cytoplasm), the vegetal cell fates are specified, and the entire embryo develops as a ciliated ectodermal ball.

Which one of the following options represents a combination of correct statement?
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7273

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Hox9 and Hox10 paralogues specify the stylopod, Hox11 paralogues specify the zeugopod, and Hox12 and Hox13 paralogues specify the autopod. This scenario has been confirmed by numerous experiments.

Which of the following experiment correctly describe this scenario?
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7274

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The following experiment is designed to study the role of several hormones in the regulation of metamorphosis in frogs.

Group #

Treatment

Days to Metamorphosis

1

Saline

30

2

Prolactin

> 100

3

TSH

15

4

Thyroxine

10

5

Corticosterone

30

6

Thyroxine + Corticosterone

5

7

Prolactin + TSH

30

8

Thyroid gland removed

> 100

 If the thyroid gland were removed from the tadpoles in Group 3, metamorphosis would
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7275

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The following experiment is designed to study the role of several hormones in the regulation of metamorphosis in frogs.

Group #

Treatment

Days to Metamorphosis

1

Saline

30

2

Prolactin

> 100

3

TSH

15

4

Thyroxine

10

5

Corticosterone

30

6

Thyroxine + Corticosterone

5

7

Prolactin + TSH

30

8

Thyroid gland removed

> 100

 

If the thyroid gland were removed from the tadpoles in Group 4, metamorphosis would
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7276

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The cells that make up a tetrapod limb arise from three developing tissues:

The ____a______ will provide skeletal precursors to the limb.

The _____b____ will provide muscle precursors to the limb.

The _____c____ will provide the skin of the limb.

Which of the following option is correct?
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7277

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

According to this model, Which of the following statements are correct?