Following statements regarding to noncanonical wnt pathways.

A. The planar cell polarity, or PCP, pathway functions to regulate the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, thus influencing cell shape, and often results in bipolar protrusive behaviors necessary for a cell to migrate.

B. Wnts (such as Wnt5a and Wnt11) can activate Disheveled by binding to a different receptor (Frizzled paired with Ror instead of Lrp5), and this Ror receptor complex phosphorylates Disheveled in a way that allows it to interact with Rho GTPases.

C. Wnt/PCP signaling through cytoskeleton control can direct cells to divide in the different plane ( forming upper and lower tissue compartments) and to move within that different plane.

D. the Wnt/calcium pathway leads to the release of calcium stored within cells, and this released calcium acts as an important secondary messenger to activates a phospholipase (PLC) whose enzyme activities release a compound that in turn releases calcium ions from the cytosol.

Which of the following is incorrect?

#Question id: 1394

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Apoptosis involves all but which of the following?

#Question id: 1395

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following mutations would promote malignancy in cells whose proliferation is inhibited by TGFβ?

a. overexpression of Smad2               

b. loss of Smad 4

c. overexpression of TGFβ receptor I

d. loss of TGFβ receptor II

#Question id: 1396

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Trks are:

a. endonucleases.        b. transmembrane receptors.   c. proteases.     d. protein kinases.      

#Question id: 1397

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The vertebrate equivalent of CED-9 is:

#Question id: 1398

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following properties is (are) characteristic of a benign tumor?

a. well differentiated              b. localized to tissue of origin             c. metastatic               

d. promotes angiogenesis        e. surrounded by a fibrous capsule

#Question id: 1399

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Loss-of-function mutations in which of the following genes typifies colorectal carcinomas?

a. myc              b. K-ras                       c. p53              d. APC