Two major sources of mutation are radiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS).The reactive oxygen species hypothesis for aging postulates that 

1) Senescence results from the accumulation of DNA, lipid, and protein damage inflicted by ROS of mitochondrial origin; and

2) Mitochondria of long-lived species should produce high ROS than do mitochondria of short-lived species.

3) the capacity of mitochondria to consume ROS might distinguish long-lived species from short-lived species, rather than differences in ROS generation. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 19080

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Which type of pathogens produces cell wall‐degrading enzymes tend to attack a broad range of plant species?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 19081

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Oomycetes (fungus‐like organisms), brown algae and mammalian parasites as Plasmodium falciparum and fungi can be__

a) Biotrophic plant pathogens

b) Necrotrophic plant pathogens

c) Hemibiotrophic plant pathogens

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 19081

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Oomycetes (fungus‐like organisms), brown algae and mammalian parasites as Plasmodium falciparum and fungi can be__

a) Biotrophic plant pathogens

b) Necrotrophic plant pathogens

c) Hemibiotrophic plant pathogens

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 19082

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Some necrotrophs produce host‐selective toxins as toxin that are active in only a few plant species; produced by the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum of maize (Zea mays) inhibits Plant enzyme such as___

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 19082

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Some necrotrophs produce host‐selective toxins as toxin that are active in only a few plant species; produced by the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum of maize (Zea mays) inhibits Plant enzyme such as___

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 19083

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Alternaria produces a toxin, which activates a plant cell death program in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves___