Males in a population differ in the time they spend displaying to females. A researcher hypothesizes that predators are responsible for these differences. Males display for longer durations when there are no predators in the vicinity and for shorter durations when there is a predator nearby. Which of the following study designs is the most appropriate test of this hypothesis?

#Question id: 3480

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Which of the following statements about learning and behavior is correct?

A) Operant conditioning involves associating a behavior with a reward or punishment.

B) Associative learning involves linking one stimulus with another.

C) Behavior can be modified by learning, but some apparent learning is due to maturation.

D) Imprinting is a learned behavior with an innate component acquired during a sensitive period.

#Question id: 3481

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning differ in that

A) classical conditioning takes longer.

B) operant conditioning usually involves more intelligence.

C) operant conditioning involves consequences for the animalʹs behavior.

D) classical conditioning is restricted to mammals and birds.

#Question id: 3482

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Which statement below about mating behavior is correct?

A) Some aspects of courtship behavior may have evolved from agonistic interactions.

B) The degree to which evolution affects mating relationships depends on the degree of prenatal and postnatal input the parents are required to make.

C) The mating relationship in most mammals is monogamous, to ensure the reproductive success of the pair.

D) Polygamous relationships most often involve a single male and many females, but in some species this is reversed

#Question id: 3483

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Which of the following statements about evolution of behavior is correct?

A) Natural selection will favor behavior that enhances survival and reproduction.

B) An animal may show behavior that maximizes reproductive fitness.

C) If a behavior is less than optimal, it is not completely evolved but will eventually,become optimal.

#Question id: 3484

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Modern behavioral concepts relate the cost of a behavior to its benefit. Under which relationship might a behavior be performed?

A) cost is greater than the benefit

B) cost is less than the benefit

C) cost is equal to the benefit

#Question id: 3485

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Optimal foraging involves all of the following except

A) maximizing energy gained by the forager.

B) minimizing energy expended by the forager.

C) securing essential nutrients for the forager.

D) minimizing the risk of predation on the forager.

E) maximizing the population size of the forager