Precision will be reduced, but yield will be increased

Optimisation of a PCR reaction is often a compromise between the competing demands for precision, efficiency and yield. Although the specific effects may vary, generally, increasing the annealing temperature will increase non-specific primer binding and reduce precision. Increasing the length of the elongation phase will reduce the proportion of incomplete newly-synthesised strands and therefore increase yield. In this case, the potential effect on efficiency is unclear. Increasing the elongation phase would increase the reaction time, but the time taken to ramp down to a lower annealing temperature would be reduced.

Agglutination of antigens by utilising specific antibodies can only occur, if

#Question id: 391

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

In a hospital laboratory, a 10.0 mL sample of gastric juice, obtained several hours after a meal, was titrated with 0.1 M NaOH to neutrality; 7.2 mL of NaOH was required. The patient’s stomach contained no ingested food or drink, thus assume that no buffers were present. What was the pH of the gastric juice?

#Question id: 392

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

When an ionic compound such as sodium chloride (NaCl) is placed in water, the component atoms of the NaCl crystal dissociate into individual sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-). In contrast, the atoms of covalently bonded molecules (e.g., glucose, sucrose, glycerol) do not generally dissociate when placed in aqueous solution. Which of the following solutions would be expected to contain the greatest number of solute particles (molecules or ions)?

#Question id: 393

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is readily soluble in water, according to the equation CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3. Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is a weak acid. If CO2 is bubbled into a beaker containing pure, freshly distilled water, which of the following graphs correctly describes the results?

#Question id: 394

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

What will be the H+ ion concentration in a solution prepared by mixing 50.0 mL of 0.20 M NaCl, 25 mL of 0.10M NaOH and 25.0 mL of 0.30M HCl?

#Question id: 395

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

How would acidification of seawater affect marine organisms? Acidification of seawater would ________.

#Question id: 395

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

How would acidification of seawater affect marine organisms? Acidification of seawater would ________.