Tumors that arise from exposure to mutagens, such as melanomas (UV light) and lung carcinomas (tobacco smoke) the number of mutations may be hundredfold greater than this. These altered proteins are known as neo-antigens

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8161

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

KKXX sorting signal,

binds to a complex of the COPI α and β subunits

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8160

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The KDEL receptor and other membrane proteins that

are transported Golgi to ER contain 

Lys-Lys-X-X sequence at C-terminal

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8159

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

KDEL receptor, located mainly in the cis-Golgi network and in both COPII and COPI vesicles, binds proteins bearing the KDEL sorting signal and returns them to the ER

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8158

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Soluble ER-resident proteins contain C-terminal KDEL sorting signal that allows them to be retrieved. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8157

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8156

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Two different kinds of sorting signals:

Membrane cargo proteins carry cytoplasmic sorting signals

Soluble cargo proteins carry luminal sorting signals