Tumors that arise from exposure to mutagens, such as melanomas (UV light) and lung carcinomas (tobacco smoke) the number of mutations may be hundredfold greater than this. These altered proteins are known as neo-antigens

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8215

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Autophagy can be either

• Nonselective autophagy

• Selective autophagy

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9284

#Section 2: General Biology

O2‐binding plant protein Lb plays an active role in regulating and delivering O2 in the infected cells

Bacterial respiration is the major O2 sink

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9152

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Inbreeding

Preferential mating between related individuals.

Inbreeding is more likely to take place in nature when population size becomes very small, and the number of mates is limited.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8313

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

3 isoforms of actin-

α - expressed only in muscle cells

β and γ - found together in almost all non-muscle cells

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8210

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Autophagy (“eating oneself”)

When cells are placed under stressful conditions, they have the capacity to recycle macromolecules for use as nutrients in a process of lysosomal degradation.