Tumors that arise from exposure to mutagens, such as melanomas (UV light) and lung carcinomas (tobacco smoke) the number of mutations may be hundredfold greater than this. These altered proteins are known as neo-antigens

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8613

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Threonine -160 phosphorylation is mediated by 

CDK-activating kinase (CAK)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8614

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Two inhibitory phosphorylations on CDK play a critical role in controlling CDK activity:

Y15

T14

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8615

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Y15 & T14 are situated in the G-loop of the CDK, containing the consensus sequence GEGT14Y15GVV

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8616

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Phosphorylation of T14 and Y15 in this G-loop

introduces negative charge that electrostatically interferes with the binding of ATP in the catalytic pocket.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8617

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Wee1 kinase Inhibits CDKs in all organisms

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8618

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Cdc25 phosphatase Activates CDKs in fission yeast