TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7964

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Emphysema caused by a point mutation in -antitrypsin, which is normally secreted by hepatocytes and macrophages.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7963

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

A hereditary form of emphysema illustrates the detrimental effects that can result from misfolding of proteins in the ER.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7962

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Hac1 activates transcription of genes encoding several protein-folding catalysts.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7961

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Quantity of free BiP in the ER lumen determines the relative proportions of monomeric and dimeric Ire1.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7959

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Unfolded-protein response

Key protein –Ire1 promotes formation of Hac1

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7958

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The efficient formation of disulfide bonds in the lumen of the ER depends on the enzyme protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which is present in all eukaryotic cells