In a batch sterilization process if  overall,  heating &  cooling are 32.2, 9.8 & 10.1 respectively, THEN the holding time at 121^^o-C of the process is (given that the specific death rate (k) of microorganisms at 121^^o-C is 2.54 min-1 ):

#Question id: 3665

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Which of the following is true for Tandem-duplication mutations?

#Question id: 3666

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

RNA-directed RNA polymerase, used in replication of some RNA viruses termed as:

#Question id: 3667

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

In an ______________ plasmid, replication occurs in two stages. In the first stage, the double stranded circular plasmid DNA replicates to form another double-stranded circular DNA and a single-stranded circular DNA, In the second stage, the complementary strand is synthesized on the single-stranded DNA to make another double-stranded DNA.

#Question id: 3668

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

In most plasmids, the genes for proteins required for replication are located very close to the ______________ at which their gene are transcribed.

#Question id: 3670

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The best-known examples of host-encoded site-specific recombination systems used to resolve plasmid dimers are the cer-XerCD site-specific recombination systems used by the

#Question id: 3671

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

_____________ promotes recombination between specific sites on the plasmid if the same site occurs more than once in the molecule, as it would in a dimer or multimer.