The same culture (with the m and K, values as computed above) is cultivated in a 10 L chemostat being operated with a 50 mL min-1 sterile feed containing 50 g L-1 of substrate. Assuming an overall yield coefficient of 0.3 (g- DCW) (g- substrate), the respective values of the outlet biomass and substrate concentrations are

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#Question id: 16444

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Gels of 15% polyacrylamide are useful for separating proteins in the range Mr = 100,000 to 10,000,  while a 7.5% gel are used to separate 

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#Question id: 14689

#Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

A determinant is chosen at random from the set of all determinants of order 2 with elements 0 or 1 only. The probability that value of the determinant chosen is

positive is

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#Question id: 14484

#Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Find the chance of throwing more than 15 in one throw with 3 dice

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#Question id: 13057

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Precision will be reduced, but yield will be increased

Optimisation of a PCR reaction is often a compromise between the competing demands for precision, efficiency and yield. Although the specific effects may vary, generally, increasing the annealing temperature will increase non-specific primer binding and reduce precision. Increasing the length of the elongation phase will reduce the proportion of incomplete newly-synthesised strands and therefore increase yield. In this case, the potential effect on efficiency is unclear. Increasing the elongation phase would increase the reaction time, but the time taken to ramp down to a lower annealing temperature would be reduced.

How primer concentration leads to decrease in PCR efficiency?

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#Question id: 27326

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

The growth of a microorganism on glucose is described by the Monod model (µmax = 0.7 h¹ and Ks = 0.1 g L¹). If the initial biomass concentration in the batch fermenter is 0.1 g L¹, the minimum time required to triple the biomass concentration would be