Eat me” signals

Dying cells facilitate their own phagocytosis by expressing on their surfaces such as phosphatidyl serine and lysophosphatidyl choline, proteins (annexin I), and altered carbohydrates. 

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#Id: 9525

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Cell-content feeders, such as mites and thrips, are piercing-and-sucking insects that cause an intermediate amount of physical damage to plant cells.

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#Id: 9526

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Chewing insects, such as caterpillars, grasshoppers, and beetles, cause the most significant damage to plants. 

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#Id: 9527

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Plant viruses are biotrophs and they enters in the plants via plasmodesmata and phloem

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#Id: 9529

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Plant viruses have small genomes; most encode only three to 10 proteins.

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#Id: 9528

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Viruses targets endocytic recycling pathway for cell‐to‐cell spread

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#Id: 9530

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Many insect pest species also transmit viruses. The sapsucking species are effective virus vectors, delivering virus particles directly into the vascular tissue, thereby permitting their rapid dissemination throughout the plant