Inflammation

Tissue response to infection or damage which serves to eliminate

Classic signs of acute inflammation are heat (calore), pain (dolore), redness (rubor), swelling (tumor), and loss of function (functio laesa).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9343

#XL - T Zoology

Prodomain forms disulfide linkages that localize the latent TGF-β to the surface of the secreting cell (GARP), to a nearby cell, or to the extracellular matrix (LTBP).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9345

#XL - T Zoology

TGF-β activation

By cytoskeletal force transmitted by integrins

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9346

#XL - T Zoology

The prodomains of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 contain a RGD motif, that allows them to bind to integrins.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9347

#XL - T Zoology

During cell migration, a tensile force is generated which physically distorts the prodomain and frees the active TGF-β dimer, initiating TGF-β signaling.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9348

#XL - T Zoology

3 separate TGF-β receptor proteins participate in binding TGF-β and activating signaling:

RI, RII, and RIII

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9350

#XL - T Zoology

RI and RII receptors are homodimeric proteins with serine/threonine kinases in their cytosolic domains. 

(RI and RII sufficient to serve as a functional hetero-tetrameric TGF-β receptor)