Initiation elongation complex forms at 10 bases, mayloses sigma, and loses contacts from -35 to -55.

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#Id: 9885

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Processes That Kill Phagocytosed Microbes

Agents include antimicrobial proteins and peptides, low pH, hydrolytic enzymes including lysozyme and proteases activated by the increasing acidity of the phagolysosomes, and specialized molecules that mediate oxidative attack.

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#Id: 9886

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)- NADPH oxidase mutate

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#Id: 9887

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Eat me” signals

Dying cells facilitate their own phagocytosis by expressing on their surfaces such as phosphatidyl serine and lysophosphatidyl choline, proteins (annexin I), and altered carbohydrates. 

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Don’t eat me

Don’t eat me” signal, the protein CD47. CD47, recognized by the SIRP-α receptor on macrophages.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Apoptotic cells attract phagocytes by releasing the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid, which functions as a chemoattractant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9890

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Conserved motifs, usually present in many copies on the surface of a bacterium, fungal cell, parasite, or virus particle, are called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).