In case of hotstart PCR, After the reaction mixture is prepared, primers can pair to the single-stranded regions in a nonspecific manner. 

A more attractive alternative is to cover the reaction mixture with a plug of inert wax and place the critical reagent on top of this plug. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 617

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Attenuator riboswitch (Leader sequence) region 1 is translated atleast till codon 10 and 11 in case of Low trp concentration.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 618

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Attenuator riboswitch (Leader sequence) region 1 is translated  till UGA (R1-2) in case of high trp concentration

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 619

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Region 1 Leader peptide is of 14 Amino acids Met------Ser

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 620

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

At high or low trp concentration, RNA Polymerase synthesizes full mRNA till region 4

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 621

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Attenuator riboswitch (Leader sequence) region 1 is translated  till UGA (R1-2) at high trp concentration due to two conditions

1. Ribosome quickly crosses codon 10, 11

2. After crossing codon 10, 11 ribosome prematurely terminated at UGA at the end of Region 1

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 622

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

During Attenuation, Region 3-4 forms hairpin then second hairpin is formed between Region 1-2