Steps of nick translation- 

Low concentrations of DNase I are used to make occasional single-strand nicks in the double-stranded DNA that is intended as the gene probe.

DNA polymerase then fills in the nicks, using an appropriate dNTP, at the same time making a new nick to the 3′ side of the previous one.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Rapid Ventricular Filling

The rapid flow of blood from the atria to the ventricles produces the third heart sound (S3).

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Third heart sound (S3) 

normal in children but is not heard in normal adults

indicates volume overload, as in congestive heart failure or advanced mitral or tricuspid regurgitation.

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Rapid Ventricular Filling

aortic pressure decreases as blood runs off from the aorta into the arterial tree, to the veins, and then back to the heart.

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Reduced Ventricular Filling (Diastasis)

Longest phase of the cardiac cycle and final portion of ventricular filling, occurs at a slower rate.

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Reduced Ventricular Filling (Diastasis)

Changes in heart rate alter the time available for Diastasis.

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Atrial systole marks the end of diastole, at which point ventricular volume is equal to end-diastolic volume.