Inserting DNA into a phage head involves two types of reaction:

translocation and condensation. Both are energetically unfavorable.

The genome is packaged into the empty capsid by the terminase enzyme.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Lipidated Wnt can bind to Frizzled receptor because lipids are essential for Wnt to bind to Frizzled.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

MutS has an ATPase activity that is required for mismatch repair, in Escherichia coli, mismatches are detected by a dimer of the mismatch repair protein MutS.

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#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Retroviral Vectors Retroviruses have RNA genomes that are used as templates for reverse transcriptase to synthesize a DNA copy that can be inserted into the host cell genome.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

A functional gene can be located through the use of an expressed sequence tag (EST)

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

A third fate that can befall a duplicated gene is neofunctionalization. Here the duplicate evolves a novel biological function.