The second level of organization is the coiling of the 10-nm fiber of nucleosomes into a helical array to constitute the fiber of diameter 30 nm.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Constitutive defenses are costly to the plant. The production of secondary metabolites requires a significant energy investment derived from primary metabolism, which is then unavailable for use in growth and reproduction.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Inducible defense against pests or pathogens, involve both a wound response and the recognition of certain compounds abundant in the insect’s saliva or regurgitant. 

These compounds belong to a broad group of chemicals called elicitors

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Elicitors are HAMPs or herbivore- associated molecular patterns

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Elicitors found in insect saliva are fatty acid (18:3) –amino acid conjugates (or fatty acid amides)

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-l-glutamine is an elicitor known as volicitin induces volatile secondary metabolites in maize plants.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Elicitor Caeliferins secreted by grasshoppers act as elicitors of jasmonic acid accumulation and ethylene emission