Xanthomonas oryzae secretes a highly conserved sulfated peptide called Ax21, which mediates quorum sensing by controlling Xanthomonas motility, biofilm formation, and virulence.

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#Id: 9180

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Average fitness

In a species, only 1 of every 1000 seeds survives to reproductive age, and that those that survive produce an average of 3000 seeds. 

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#Id: 6323

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Rho-dependent termination sites within a transcription unit are usually masked by translating ribosomes and therefore rho cannot act on downstream RNA polymerases

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#Id: 750

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

rNTPs are present at approximately 10-fold higher concentration in the cell, they are incorporated at a rate that is more than 1000-fold lower than dNTPs.

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#Id: 8921

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

At the same time, Plk1 phosphorylates the Rho-GAP component, to form an active Centralspindlin-Ect2 complex. 

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#Id: 7455

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

RegA is activated by phosphorylation of an aspartate in its response regulator domain.