The normal total circulating blood volume is about 8% of the body weight (5600 mL in a 70-kg man).  About 55% of this volume is plasma (3500 mL in a 70-kg man).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7819

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Many organisms minimize heat loss to the environment via countercurrent heat exchange

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7821

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Supercooling – This is ability to withstand freezing

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7822

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Glycoproteins can permit some invertebrates to withstand temperatures as low as –18°C without freezing. 

Antarctic fish also have glycoproteins in their blood and some species accumulate sodium, potassium, or chloride ions or urea, all of which lower the blood freezing point.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7968

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

  Hydrologic cycle

      

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7969

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Biogeochemical cycles can be divided into two broad types:

Local cycles, which involve elements with no atmospheric mechanism for long-distance transfer. Ex- The phosphorus cycle

Global cycles, which involve an interchange between the atmosphere and the ecosystem. Ex- The carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Water

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7970

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The water content of plant cells depends on osmosis and turgor pressure.