When polymerase binding causes transition to the open complex and initiates transcription. This gives a low level of constitutive expression called the basal level.  Binding of RNA polymerase is the rate-limiting step in this case.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Complex I catalyzes simultaneous perform obligately and coupled process

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

reduction of ubiquinone by hydride ion from NADH and a proton from the matrix is an exergonic process

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

 transfer of four protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space is an endergonic process

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Complex I is therefore a proton pump

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Pumping of proton is driven by the the energy transfer of electron, and the reaction it catalyzes is vectorial