Glucagon Secretion is increased by hypoglycaemia and decreased by a rise in plasma glucose

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 741

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The primer is complementary to, but shorter than, the template and have growing 3’ prime terminus

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 742

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The phosphodiester bond is formed in an SN2 reaction in which the hydroxyl group at the 3’ end of the primer strand attacks the a-phosphoryl group of the incoming nucleoside triphosphate.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 743

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 744

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

free energy for this reaction is rather small (DG–3.5 kcal/mol).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 745

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Additional free energy for the formation of phosphodiester bond is provided by the rapid hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate into two phosphate groups by an enzyme known as pyrophosphatase:

 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 746

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Hydrolysis of pyrophosphate makes phosphodiester bond a highly favorable reaction with a DG of –7 kcal/mol, which corresponds to an equilibrium constant (Keq) of 105.