Chromosome inversion, in which a chromosome segment is inverted—turned 180 degrees.

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#Id: 9871

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The UVR8- COP1-SPA complex then activates the transcription of the major transcription factor HY5, which controls the expression of many of the genes induced by UV-B.

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#Id: 9721

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Plant immunity involves

Anatomical/Mechanical Barriers & Constitutive Immunity

Inducible Défense

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#Id: 9722

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Thorns are modified branches, as in citrus and acacia; spines

are modified leaves

Prickles are derived mainly from the epidermis and thus can be easily snapped off the stem, protect plants from larger herbivores

Trichomes, or hairs, provide a much more effective defense against insect pests

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#Id: 9723

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Trichomes of nettles (Urtica dioica) have “cocktail” of secondary metabolites that can cause severe irritation of the skin of animals.

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#Id: 9724

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Calcium oxalate crystals are present in the vacuoles of many species, and may be distributed evenly throughout the leaf or restricted to specialized cells called idioblasts

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#Id: 9725

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Constitutive chemical defenses are effective against many different herbivores, including insects and mammals.