Cardiolipin

an unusual “double” phospholipid containing four fatty acid chains

found primarily in the inner mitochondrial membrane

acts to improve the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, by restricting proton flow across the membrane

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6445

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

To obtain a lod score, we calculate 

the probability of obtaining the observed results under the assumption that the genes are linked with a specified degree of recombination

the probability of obtaining the observed results under the assumption of independent assortment.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9232

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

In photosynthesis, the relationship of O2 evolved to CO2 taken up is 1:1. 

In photorespiration, 3 O2 are taken up for every CO2 evolved.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8798

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1588

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Primitive Streak

First arises from a local thickening of the epiblast at the posterior edge of the area pellucida (Koller’s sickle)

By stage 2, the primitive streak cells form a third layer that lies between the hypoblast and epiblast cells.

 By stage 3, the primitive streak has become a definitive region of the epiblast, with cells migrating through it to become the mesoderm and endoderm.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10538

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In healthy cells, the Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL blocking the ability of Bak or Bax to oligomerize and form pores in the outer mitochondrial membrane.