Cardiolipin

an unusual “double” phospholipid containing four fatty acid chains

found primarily in the inner mitochondrial membrane

acts to improve the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, by restricting proton flow across the membrane

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1414

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The CaM*-Ca2+ complex binds and activates MLC kinase, phosphorylates the myosin LC. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1415

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The CaM*-Ca2+ complex binds and activates MLC kinase, phosphorylates the myosin LC. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1416

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Phosphorylation of MLC  unfolds the myosin II, active and can assemble into bipolar filaments for contraction. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1417

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

When the Ca2+ levels drop: Myosin LC is dephosphorylated by MLC phosphatase, causing muscle relaxation.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1418

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Integrins are the principal receptors used by animal cells to bind to the extracellular matrix. 

 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1419

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

An integrin molecule is composed of two noncovalently associated transmembrane glycoprotein subunits called α and β.