THERMAL PROPERTIES OF WATER

Pure water becomes a solid below 0°C and becomes a gas above 100°C at sea level.

When water contains dissolved compounds, such as salts, its freezing temperature drops below 0°C.

Dissolved compounds also raise the boiling point of water above 100°C. 

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Selection coefficient

A related variable is the selection coefficient (s), which is the relative intensity of selection against a  genotype

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

The selection gradient measures the strength of directional selection acting on a quantitative trait.

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Proportional contribution of genotypes to population

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Relative genotypic frequency after selection

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Positive Selection: The Spread of Beneficial Mutations