CD spectra is used to

determine whether proteins are properly folded, 

estimate the fraction of the protein that is folded in either of the common secondary structures, and

monitor transitions between the folded and unfolded states.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10283

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Increased [Ca2+]cyt activates plasma membrane anion efflux channels, and these two effects combine to depolarize the membrane. Membrane depolarization closes voltage‐sensitive K+ in channels but opens K+ out channels. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10284

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

K+in channels are inhibited directly by the rise in [Ca2+]cyt. Overall, therefore, the increase in [Ca2+]cyt causes the net efflux of anions and K+ from the cell, leading to a fall in guard cell turgor.

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#Id: 10285

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The elevated calcium levels in the cytosol then activate CDPKs that phosphorylate and activate RBOH proteins which generate more ROS.

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#Id: 4576

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Function of light

a) Development

b) Photosynthesis

c) Stomata opening

d) Flowering

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#Id: 4577

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Light wavelengths detected by plant light receptors.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4578

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Phytochrome Can Interconvert between Pr and Pfr Forms