TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Active Immunization

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

For good vaccine

a. The vaccine must be safe

b. It must be effective in preventing infection

c. Activation of the humoral and cell-mediated

d. Development of long-term immunologic memory

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Clinical trials

Phase I clinical trials assess human safety; a small number of volunteers are monitored closely for adverse side effects.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Phase II where effectiveness against the pathogen in question is evaluated.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Phase III clinical trials are run in expanded volunteer populations.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Live, Attenuated Vaccines Microorganisms can be attenuated or disabled so that they lose their ability to cause significant disease but retain their capacity for transient growth within an inoculated host.