Communities may be identified and recognized by several features that may be quantitative and qualitative.

Quantitative characters are those that can be measured, e.g., density, abundance, frequency, cover area and basal area of species present in a given area. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8036

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Lys & Arg have four ionisations zones

1. 1--------pK1 – charge +2

2. pK1---------pK2 charge +1

3. pK2---------pKr charge 0

4. pKr---------14 charge -1

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7928

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Muscle cells have an abundant, modified smooth ER called the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

The release and reuptake of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum trigger myofibril contraction and relaxation, respectively

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1339

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The function of a growth factor-  stabilize receptor dimerization

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6903

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Chromosome Mutations

Chromosome rearrangements 

Aneuploidy

Polyploidy

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1751

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Cross-presentation