These epithelial barriers include the skin and the tissue surfaces connected to the body’s openings.

Skin and other epithelia provide a kind of living “plastic wrap” that encases and protects the inner domains of the body from infection.

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#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Auxotrophs or Mutant bacterial strains can be isolated on the basis of their nutritional requirements.

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Plasmid Small, circular DNA molecule found in bacterial cells that is capable of replicating independently from the bacterial chromosome.

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Episome Plasmid capable of integrating into a bacterial chromosome.

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F (fertility) factor Episome of E. coli that controls conjugation and gene exchange between cells.

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F⁺ Present as separate circular plasmid

F⁻ Absent

Hfr Present, integrated into bacterial chromosome

F′ Present as separate circular plasmid, carrying some bacterial genes

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