Tunicamycin

blocks the first enzyme in this pathway, inhibits the synthesis of all N-linked oligosaccharides in cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9278

#Section 2: General Biology

Type III/Type IV secretion systems play a major role in transfer of bacterial Nod factor in plant cell. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9279

#Section 2: General Biology

The binding of Nod factors to the Nod factor receptors (NFRs), which contain extracellular LysM motifs, initiates an interaction with the conserved SYMRK receptor-like kinases containing a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9280

#Section 2: General Biology

The interaction between NFR and SYMRK initiates calcium spiking in the nucleus, presumably via a second messenger molecule.

Core symbiotic genes are activated.

Cytokinin signaling is initiated.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9281

#Section 2: General Biology

Root hair cellular responses to bacterial Nod factor

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9282

#Section 2: General Biology

Plant genes expressed early, or in the absence of bacterial infection, are termed “early nodulins” or ENOD

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9283

#Section 2: General Biology

Three factors are important in maintaining low O2 concentrations in nodules. 

First, entry of O2 into the nodule is controlled by a variable‐permeability barrier in the nodule parenchyma