A phylogenetic tree is shown for the three domains of life (Eukarya, Archaea, and Bacteria). The tree branches in two directions from the first point, labeled Common ancestor of all life. One branch leads in the direction of Eukarya and Archaea, and the other branch leads to Bacteria. The branch leading to Eukarya and Archaea divide, one branch leading to each domain. The branch leading to Eukarya divides into four branches. One leads to Euglenozoans, and the other three lead to branching points. The first leads to Forams in one direction, and another branching point in the other that leads to Diatoms and Ciliates. The second branching point leads to Red algae in one direction, and a branching point that leads to green algae and land plants in the other direction. The third branching point leads to amoebas in one direction, and a branching point that leads to fungi and animals in the other direction. Land plants, Fungi and Animals are all highlighted.

Cyanobacteria were once called blue-green algae because they are photosynthetic. According to the phylogeny shown, the cyanobacteria are more closely related to gram-positive bacteria than to ________.

#Question id: 11287

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

What is value of evenness in community 3 and 4 respectively?

#Question id: 11288

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Below is a table showing the number of species and actual food web links observed in three different ecosystems. By calculating connectance as a measure of relative complexity of food webs, which of the following ecosystem are more complex? 

#Question id: 11289

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Consumption efficiency (CE) is the proportion of production at one trophic level (Prodn n-1) that is eaten by, or ingested, by the next trophic level (In) but Assimilation efficiency (AE) is the proportion of ingested energy assimilated in to blood stream

Which of the following is incorrect statement?

A) In terrestrial herbivore, AE is greater than CE

B) In aquatic herbivore AE is equal to CE 

C) CE of grass land herbivore is often greater than forest herbivore

D) AE of herbivore is often greater than carnivore

#Question id: 11290

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Which of the following statement are incorrect?

#Question id: 11291

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

A small lake has three trophic levels- phytoplankton (autotrophs), Zooplankton (herbivore) and planktivorous fish (primary carnivore). In this lake, addition of nutrients is allowed to study the 'bottom up' effects". What is the expected biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton tropic levels?

#Question id: 11292

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

In an pond ecosystem the _____ is always greater than the _____ .

(a) number of primary producers . . . number of secondary consumers

(b) biomass of secondary consumers . . . biomass of primary consumer

(c) assimilation efficiency of primary consumers . . . assimilation efficiency of secondary consumers

(d) biomass of primary producers . . . biomass of primary consumers