Which of the following structures would decrease the electrochemical gradient across a membrane?

#Question id: 11901

#General Aptitude

#Question id: 4161

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The link between an activated amino acid and tRNA is an __ bond between the __ of the amino acid and a hydroxyl group of the tRNA.

#Question id: 14273

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

Nicotiana tabacum cells are cultured to high density for production of polysaccharide gum. The reactor used is a stirred tank, containing initially 100 litres medium. The maximum specific growth rate of the culture is 0.18 d^-1 and the yield of biomass from substrate is 0.5 g g^-l. The concentration of growth-limiting substrate in the medium is 3% (w/v). The reactor is inoculated with 1.5 g l^{- 1} cells and operated in batch until the substrate is virtually exhausted; medium flow is then started at a rate of 4 l d^-1. Fed-batch operation occurs under quasi-steady-state conditions. Estimate the batch culture time.                                  ____________________

#Question id: 15642

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

#Question id: 27315

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology