Which of the following is a type of local signaling in which a cell secretes a signal molecule that affects neighboring cells?

#Question id: 15577

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

#Question id: 15651

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

#Question id: 14200

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

A fluidized-bed, immobilized-cell bioreactor is used for the conversion of glucose to ethanol by Z. mobilis cells immobilized in k-carrageenan gel beads. The dimensions of the bed are 10 cm (diameter) by 200 cm. Since the reactor is fed from the bottom of the column and because of CO₂ gas evolution, substrate and cell concentrations decrease with the height of the column. The average cell concentration at the bottom of the column is X₀ = 45 g/l, and the average cell concentration decreases with the column height according to the following equation:

where Z is the column height (cm). The specific rate of substrate consumption is q_S = 2 g S/g cells . h. The feed flow rate and glucose concentration in the feed are 5 l/h and 160 g glucose/l, respectively.

Determine the ethanol concentration in the effluent (g/l . h) if YP/S = 0.48 g ethanol/g glucose

#Question id: 146

#Section 2: General Biology

The pH inside cells is normally near pH 7. At pH 7 which statement is true about the charges (ionization state) of the α-Carboxyl and α-Amino groups of an amino acid?

#Question id: 15562

#Section 6: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology