There are two type representation of amino acid structure

1. By Fischer’s convention L and D

2. By absolute configuration RS System

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9934

#XL - T Zoology

Cell wall endotoxins of some gram-negative bacteria activate macrophages, resulting in release of high levels of IL-1 and TNF-α, which can cause septic shock.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9935

#XL - T Zoology

In staphylococcal food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome, exotoxins produced by the pathogens function as superantigens, which can activate all T cells. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9936

#XL - T Zoology

Extracellular Bacteria

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9937

#XL - T Zoology

Intracellular bacterial

Intracellular bacterial infections tend to induce a cell-mediated immune response, specifically DTH. 

In this response, cytokines secreted by CD4+ T cells are important—most notably IFN-ϒ, which activates macrophages.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9938

#XL - T Zoology

Host immune responses and bacterial evasion mechanisms

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9939

#XL - T Zoology

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Pulmonary infection usually results from inhalation of small droplets of respiratory secretions containing a few bacilli.