An effector molecule is

made by a pathogen to enhance the pathogen’s colonizing

abilities.

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Tannins deter feeding by herbivores

Plant tannins also serve as defenses against microorganisms.

For example, the nonliving heartwood of many trees contains high concentrations of tannins that help prevent fungal and bacterial decay

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Nitrogen - containing compounds

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Various nitrogenous protective compounds other than alkaloids are found in plants.

Two groups of these substances— cyanogenic glycosides and glucosinolates—are not in themselves toxic but are readily broken down to give off volatile poisons when the plant is crushed

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Example of  CG- almonds, sorghum, cassava, lima beans, stone fruits and bamboo shoots

Example of glucosinolates- Brassicaceae family of plants, including broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, rapeseed, mustard, and horseradish

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