T-independent response

Type 1 T-independent (TI-1) antigens bind to B cells through both Ig and innate immune receptors. LPS from Gram negative organisms binds to B cells via both mIg and TLR, resulting in signaling from both receptors. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8157

#XL - Q Biochemistry

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8158

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Soluble ER-resident proteins contain C-terminal KDEL sorting signal that allows them to be retrieved. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8159

#XL - Q Biochemistry

KDEL receptor, located mainly in the cis-Golgi network and in both COPII and COPI vesicles, binds proteins bearing the KDEL sorting signal and returns them to the ER

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8160

#XL - Q Biochemistry

The KDEL receptor and other membrane proteins that

are transported Golgi to ER contain 

Lys-Lys-X-X sequence at C-terminal

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8161

#XL - Q Biochemistry

KKXX sorting signal,

binds to a complex of the COPI α and β subunits

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8162

#XL - Q Biochemistry

For selective export of certain membrane proteins from the ER contain a di-acidic sorting signal (Asp-X-Glu, or DXE), which binds to the Sec24 subunit of the COPII