The magnitude of this dipole moment corresponds to about 0.5-0.7 unit charge at each end of the helix. These charges would be expected to attract ligands of opposite charge and negatively charged ligands, especially when they contain phosphate groups and frequently bind at the N-termini of a helices. In contrast, positively charged ligands rarely bind at the C-terminus

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#Id: 5416

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Both Astrocytes

send processes to blood vessels, where they induce capillaries to form the tight junctions making up the blood–brain barrier send processes that envelop synapses and the surface of nerve cells.

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#Id: 5417

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Protoplasmic astrocytes produce substances that are tropic to neurons, & they help maintain the appropriate concentration of ions & neurotransmitters by taking up K+ & neurotransmitters glutamate & γ-aminobutyrate (GABA)

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#Id: 5418

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Ependymal cells are ciliated-epithelial glial cells that develop from radial glia along the surface of the ventricles of the brain and the spinal canal & play a critical role in cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis, brain metabolism, and the clearance of waste from the brain.

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#Id: 5419

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Neurons generally have four important zones:

A dendritic zone, where multiple local potential changes generated by synaptic connections are integrated. a site where propagated action potentials are generated. an axonal process that transmits propagated impulses to the nerve endings the nerve endings, where action potentials cause the release of synaptic transmitters.

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#Id: 5420

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Types of neurons Based on the number of processes that emanate from their cell body, neurons can be classified as unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar.

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#Id: 5421

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Unipolar neurons have one process, with different segments serving as receptive surfaces and releasing terminals.